Facts & Figures
The documents of a French KYC or credit file: issuers, security features, fraud
Reference for the 54 documents requested in a French KYC, credit or rental file: issuer, presence of an MRZ or a 2D-Doc seal, usual freshness, typical fraud vector. CSV per table.
By Holofin Research
Published Updated - document types listed
- 54
- documents with a verifiable MRZ
- 5
- paper types with a 2D-Doc seal
- 10
- always sealed by their issuer
- 4
On this page
Summary
A credit, rental or onboarding file in France draws on up to 54 document types, issued by some fifteen different bodies. 5 of them carry an MRZ (ICAO machine readable zone) whose check digits can be recomputed, and 10 paper types have a 2D-Doc seal defined by ANTS, of which 4 are always sealed by their issuer (income tax notice, ASDIR, housing tax notice, new national identity card).
For all the others, authenticity cannot be verified through a signature: it is verified through the file's structure, arithmetic consistency and cross-checks between documents. The tables below give, for each document, the issuer, the security feature present, the freshness usually required and the most frequent fraud vector.
Data
Summary
| Indicator | Value |
|---|---|
| Document types listed | 54 |
| Document families | 6 |
| Documents carrying a verifiable MRZ | 5 |
| Paper types with a 2D-Doc seal defined by ANTS | 10 |
| Of which always sealed by their issuer | 4 |
Counted from the tables on this page. "Always sealed": a single issuer applies the seal on every copy (DGFiP, France Titres).
Download CSVIdentity documents and residence permits
| Document | Issuer | MRZ | 2D-Doc | Validity | Typical fraud vector |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| National identity card (card format, since August 2021) | France Titres (ANTS) | Yes, 3 lines (TD1) | Yes (types 07, 13) | 10 years | Substituted photo, MRZ inconsistent with the visual zone |
| National identity card (older laminated format) | Prefecture | Yes, 2 lines | No | 10 years, extended to 15 for adults (cards issued 2004 to 2013) | Altered expiry date, digital duplicate |
| Passport | France Titres (ANTS) | Yes, 2 lines (TD3) | No | 10 years (5 years for minors) | Recomposed identity page, MRZ recomputed without check digits |
| Residence permit (titre de séjour) | Prefecture / France Titres | Yes, 3 lines (TD1) | No | 1 to 4 years depending on the permit | Permit type or end date altered |
| Resident card (carte de résident) | Prefecture / France Titres | Yes, 3 lines (TD1) | No | 10 years | Substituted photo |
| Residence permit renewal receipt | Prefecture | No | No | Stated on the receipt | Receipt recomposed from a template |
| Driving licence (card format, since 2013) | France Titres (ANTS) | No | No | 15 years (administrative validity) | Categories added, licence number altered |
| Carte Vitale (health insurance card) | Assurance Maladie (CNAM) | No | No | No limit, updated yearly | Social security number inconsistent with its check digit |
MRZ: machine readable zone (ICAO 9303); every line carries recomputable check digits. 2D-Doc: visible electronic seal defined by ANTS and signed by a certificate authority.
Download CSVPersonal income and tax
| Document | Issuer | 2D-Doc | Usual freshness required | Typical fraud vector |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Payslip (bulletin de paie) | Employer (payroll software) | Some issuers (type 06) | Last 3 months | Net pay altered, employer or SIRET rewritten, contributions that do not recompute |
| Income tax notice (avis d'impôt sur le revenu) | DGFiP (French tax administration) | Yes (types 04, 28) | Latest notice | Reference tax income altered, tax number inconsistent |
| Income tax filing status notice (ASDIR) | DGFiP (French tax administration) | Yes (types 18, 24, 27) | Latest notice | Amounts altered on a downloaded PDF |
| Form 2042 (income tax return) | Taxpayer (DGFiP form) | No | Latest return | Income boxes altered; return never filed |
| Form 2042 C PRO (self-employed income) | Taxpayer (DGFiP form) | No | Latest return | Turnover or profit altered |
| Form 2044 (property income) | Taxpayer (DGFiP form) | No | Latest return | Declared rents inconsistent with rent receipts |
| Employment certificate (attestation de travail) | Employer | No | Under 3 months | Recomposed document, non-existent signatory |
| France Travail certificate (unemployment benefits) | France Travail | No | Under 3 months | Benefit amount or duration altered |
| Pension certificate (attestation de retraite) | Pension fund | No | Latest notice | Pension amount altered |
| Employment contract | Employer | Some issuers (type 10) | Current contract | Contract type or salary altered, amendment omitted |
| Secondment contract (contrat de détachement) | Home employer | No | Current contract | Duration or pay altered |
Banking and payment documents
| Document | Issuer | 2D-Doc | Usual freshness required | Typical fraud vector |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bank account details (RIB) | Bank | Some issuers (types 03, 05) | Not applicable | Substituted IBAN, IBAN check digits that do not recompute |
| Bank statement | Bank | Some issuers (type 11) | Last 3 months | Rows added or removed, balance that does not reconcile |
| Bank certificate (attestation bancaire) | Bank | No | Under 3 months | Balance or account holder altered |
| Transfer order | Account holder | No | Not applicable | Beneficiary or amount altered |
| Loan repayment schedule extract | Lending institution | No | Latest schedule | Instalment or outstanding capital altered |
| Instalment deferral request | Borrower | No | Not applicable | Recomposed signature |
| Wealth statement (relevé de patrimoine) | Bank / asset manager | No | Under 3 months | Valuation altered |
| Wealth profile form (fiche patrimoniale) | Client / adviser | No | Not applicable | Declarative, not cross-checked |
Proof of address and housing
| Document | Issuer | 2D-Doc | Usual freshness required | Typical fraud vector |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Energy bill (electricity, gas, water) | Utility supplier | Yes for the major suppliers (types 00, 01) | Under 3 months | Address or account holder altered, recomposed bill |
| Telecom / ISP bill | Operator | Yes for the major operators (types 00, 01, 09) | Under 3 months | Address altered |
| Housing tax notice (taxe d'habitation) | DGFiP (French tax administration) | Yes (type 02) | Latest notice | Address or amount altered |
| Property tax notice (taxe foncière) | DGFiP (French tax administration) | No | Latest notice | Owner or address altered |
| Rent receipt (quittance de loyer) | Landlord | No | Last 3 receipts | Receipt generated without a real lease |
| Host attestation (attestation d'hébergement) | Host (private individual) | No | Under 3 months | Template attestation without the host's own proof |
Company and accounting documents
| Document | Issuer | Usual freshness required | Typical fraud vector |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kbis extract | Commercial court registry (Infogreffe) | Under 3 months | Expired Kbis, director or share capital altered |
| RCS extract | Commercial court registry | Under 3 months | Entries altered |
| SIRENE status notice (avis de situation) | INSEE | Under 3 months | APE code or administrative status altered |
| Balance sheet (bilan) | Company / chartered accountant | Last closed financial year | Totals that do not balance, backdated financial year |
| Tax return package (liasse fiscale, forms 2050 to 2059 and 2033) | Company (DGFiP form) | Last closed financial year | Package never filed, figures differ from the e-filed ones |
| Form 2031 (BIC) | Company (DGFiP form) | Last closed financial year | Result altered |
| Audited annual report | Company / statutory auditor | Last closed financial year | Audit opinion altered |
| Business plan | Company | Not applicable | Declarative, not cross-checked |
| Accountant's activity certificate | Chartered accountant | Under 3 months | Signatory not registered with the professional body |
| Accountant's director pay certificate | Chartered accountant | Under 3 months | Pay altered |
| General meeting minutes (PV d'AG) | Company | Latest meeting | Decisions or signatories altered |
| CERFA 16062 (beneficial owners declaration) | Company (registry form) | Latest filing | Beneficial owner omitted |
| Register of beneficial owners (Monaco) | Monaco trade and industry registry | Under 3 months | Beneficial owner omitted |
| Purchase order | Buyer | Not applicable | Amount or supplier altered |
Vehicle, deeds and guarantees
| Document | Issuer | Usual freshness required | Typical fraud vector |
|---|---|---|---|
| Vehicle registration certificate (carte grise) | France Titres (ANTS) | Not applicable | Holder or VIN altered |
| Administrative status certificate (non-gage) | Ministry of the Interior (Histovec / ANTS) | Under 15 days | Issue date altered |
| Provisional registration certificate (CPI) | France Titres (ANTS) | 1 month | Recomposed CPI |
| Vehicle invoice | Seller / dealer | Not applicable | Price or VIN altered |
| Notarial deed | Notary | Not applicable | Price or parties altered |
| Guarantee waiver | Creditor | Not applicable | Signatory without authority |
| Third-party sale agreement | Seller | Not applicable | Recomposed signature |
Methodology
The document list matches the items requested in our clients' specifications (consumer credit, mortgage, rental, business onboarding) and covered by the platform.
The 2D-Doc column uses the document type codes of the ANTS 2D-Doc barcode specification (section 6.1). "Yes" means a single issuer always seals; "Some issuers" means the type exists but only some issuers use it; "No" means no type is defined for that paper.
Usual freshness is what most lenders and landlords ask for; it has no regulatory value unless stated otherwise. The typical fraud vector is the most frequent one we observe in production, not the only one.
Spotted an error? Write to [email protected] and we will fix the row and note the change.
Sources
- ANTS / France Titres, 2D-Doc barcode technical specifications, v3.3.7.2(accessed Sept. 3, 2026)
- ICAO Doc 9303, Machine Readable Travel Documents(accessed Sept. 3, 2026)
- Service-public.gouv.fr, validity period of an identity card(accessed Sept. 3, 2026)
- Service-public.gouv.fr, validity period of a driving licence(accessed Sept. 3, 2026)
Frequently asked questions
Which documents carry a verifiable signature?
Documents with an MRZ (identity card, passport, residence permit, resident card) carry recomputable check digits. Documents with a 2D-Doc seal (tax notices, ASDIR, housing tax, new identity card, and depending on the issuer bills, RIB, statements, payslips) carry an electronic signature verifiable against the certificate authority.
Is a document without 2D-Doc or MRZ unverifiable?
No. Its file structure (metadata, fonts, PDF layers), its arithmetic consistency (totals, IBAN check digits, social security check digit) and its cross-checks against the other items in the file remain verifiable. That is the case for the large majority of proofs.
How fresh should a proof of address be?
The usual practice is under 3 months for a bill, a rent receipt or a host attestation, and the latest notice for housing tax or property tax.
Where do the 2D-Doc type codes come from?
From the ANTS 2D-Doc barcode specification, section 6.1, which assigns each document type a two-character code read from the seal header. The same paper can exist under several codes depending on its version.
Can I reuse these tables?
Yes, under CC BY 4.0 with attribution to Holofin. Every table can be downloaded as CSV.
Put Holofin on your own documents.
Every value linked to the page it came from, every PDF checked for tampering, rules checked across the whole file.